One Nation Under God Essay - 861 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Would God categorize his children? That is a question that I believe most would give a simple and direct answer: No. Would the United States categorize their citizens? Although the Amendment suggests that all men and women are equal, the fact is, the people of the United States are continuously being classified. So, if indeed the United States is one nation under God, why do we continue to sort ourselves through unreasonable and unethical factors? The misinterpretation of race has shattered the American society and for all that it stands. We should correct America’s immoral actions and assumptions that separate God’s children in hope of reforming the United States toward true equality.†¦show more content†¦And when asked for ethnic background, we should wonder why the selections are merely categorized by color of skin, rather than precise nationality. How can we be equal in America, yet be judged by the color of our skin? The truth is, we are deceived by many organizations claiming equality when asked the questions of our background. Background is simple visualization of our family lineage. Character is still varied from person to person, whether a person is from the same location of the world or not. If we are truly equal in race, ethnic background should be of no concern to records but to idolize diversity. Therefore, the question of our ethnicity should no longer exist regarding any person for recording purposes such as forms or applications. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Unfortunately, the United States has a social defect which disregards the equality between human beings. This they call quot;interracial relationships.quot; quot;Interracial relationships,quot; is an immoral expression because it demoralizes couples of the opposite color. But an interracial relationship is not a relationship between two different colors of the skin, it is a relationship between two equal human beings. People aren’t born into races or colors, but in actuality, races were created from diverse people and environments. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Race is frequently regarded to asShow MoreRelatedEssay on One Nation, Under God2050 Words   |  9 Pagessome students. â€Å"I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the republic for which it stands, indivisible, with liberty, and justice for all.† Confusion passes through some of the student’s minds. With the reoccurrence of â€Å"God† in the backdrop of American life, the relationship between church and state has become of little to no matter for American citizens just as it has with American students. While congress makes no law respecting an establishment of religion, the termRead MoreOne Nation Under God, By Dave Helfert995 Words   |  4 PagesOne Nation Under God, So Divisible Dave Helfert released an article after the Republican Debate regarding the issue that is silently and discreetly segregating our country as we know it. Helfert uses an appeal to Pathos by using examples from past Presidents in a few different era’s and while it may seem as if he is against President Obama or former President Bush he is merely stating that he wants all parties, Democrats and Republicans to work as one and solve the problems as a unit instead ofRead MoreOne Nation Under God: The Lasting Effects of the Second Great Awakening1803 Words   |  8 Pagesreligious response to the uncertainty of the period. The nation at the time was redrawing its boundaries westward to accommodate the booming population. The established Protestant denominations of the day, the Congregationalists and Anglicans, had failed to create their much desired religious utopias and discontent in their traditional beliefs set in. Through the means of renewed religious enthusiasm, a movement spre ad throughout the young nation seeking to reverse the spiritual apathy that had set inRead MoreWhy God Should be Taken Out of the Pledge of Allegiance Essay932 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican citizen must show loyalty to our nation, but do they have to show loyalty to â€Å"God†? When saying the pledge, one must elicit the words â€Å"one nation under God.† This not only contradicts freedom of religion, but it draws attention away from the purpose of pledging loyalty to America. It’s the Supreme Court’s responsibility to make sure there is an equal chance for fairness. Only the Supreme Court can override the decision to not remove â€Å"under God† from the pledge. The Supreme Court also controlsRead MoreThe Words UNDER GOD Should Be Removed from the Pledge of Allegiance1225 Words   |  5 Pages President Obama sat down with the President of Turkey and told him â€Å"We have a very large Christian population, we do not consider ourselves a Christian nation or a Jewish nation or a Muslim nation; we consider ourselves a nation of citizens who are bound by ideals and a set of values† (White House Press Release). Although the United States has a large Christian following we also have many religions within our culture; with an ongoing conflict against citizens that are nonreligiousRead MoreReligion in Government Essay994 Words   |  4 Pagesof God, whose authority can be superseded by no power on earth†-George M ason 1772(Founding Fathers 2). The presence of God is in every part of America. The Christian religion was brought to American shores by nearly all who immigrated to the United States. The American nation was built on the principles of â€Å"one nation under God† and now people want to erase Him from everything. ‘I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands one nation underRead MoreThe Price that Comes with Diversity is Racism1048 Words   |  4 PagesI pledge Allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation Under God, indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for all. Everyday of our pre-college educational lives, we stand and recite this pledge as a routine instead of an actual pledge. We go through school not knowing the actual meaning and not caring if we did. But for some people, the pledge is a forbidden text, not to be said through their lips even if forced for they feel the pledgeRead MoreThe Pledge Of Allegiance From A Very Young Age1295 Words   |  6 PagesI never questioned the phrase â€Å"Under God†. Perhaps I did not question it because I was raised as a believer of God. Fortunately, with age, I have become more of a critical thinker. I have become more cultured and knowledgeable to the people who differ from me. Not every American citizen is a believer of God; there are various religions with different or multiple gods. Also many American citizens do not believe in God or any type of higher power. The phrase â€Å"Under God† in the Pledge is a current socialRead MoreGod Should be Kept in the Pledge of Allegiance Essay798 Words   |  4 Pagesschool, one would come in every morning and before starting class, one would recite the pledge just like any other day. Most Americans are familiar with the words to the Pledge of Allegiance, but recently, a commotion has brewed over two words, â€Å"under God,â⠂¬  which were added in 1954. To little surprise, â€Å"under God† does not have to be spoken. It is completely optional to say the Pledge, yet this has become a huge controversy spiraling into lawsuits and heated debates. The phrase â€Å"under God† does notRead More God Should Remain in the Pledge of Allegiance Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesGod Should Remain in the Pledge of Allegiance One of the most controversial issues, if â€Å"Under God† should remain in the pledge, and if children should be required to say it, went to court a few weeks ago. The argument was brought to court by Michael Newdow, the father to the girl on whose behalf the lawsuit was brought forward. Newdow argued in court and on many different public speaking occasions that knowing his child is being led to say â€Å"One nation under God† on a daily basis makes him feel

The Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) - 912 Words

Medicated Society Are we really receiving the correct medication needed within our medicated society today? This article goes over some very important facts about Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It includes a lot of data and statistics about the disorder, including the shocking statistics that â€Å"approximately 11% of children 4-17 years of age (6.4 million) have been diagnosed with ADHD as of 2011†, and â€Å"the percentage of children with an ADHD diagnosis continues to increase, from 7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 and to 11.0% in 2011† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2013). As of 2011, only 6.1% of children diagnosed with ADHD were taking medication for their diagnosed disorder, another statistic stated in the article (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2013). The article also uses many graphs and charts to show geographic occurrence of current and past diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder, along with those receiving or having received medication for their diagnosis. Lastly, the article also includes details and facts of injuries associated with a diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder, peer relationships with children diagnosed and their parents, as well as economic costs in regards to ambulatory rides, emergency room visits, and medication costs. In regards to the issue of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder and its diagnosis associated with it, I know that it has been a trending topicShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1710 Words   |  7 PagesAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it s a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children with ADHD mayRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1744 Words   |  7 PagesAttention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, in culture and child development for the following reasons. First, it is important as educators that we understand the difference between restlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. Secondly, we must be conscious of the origins of ADHD, how to recognize it, the myths and prejudices against it, and know the most appropriate intervention strategies. Educators must also realize that even if a child has ADHD thatRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1002 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract There are many disorders that are first diagnosed whether it is during infancy, childhood or adolescence. The disorders range from intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, communication disorders, all the way through to elimination disorders. Attention-deficit and disruptive disorders are the most common. All including AD/HD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and unspecified disruptive disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most commonRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1495 Words   |  6 Pagesoccasionally forget to do their homework, get fidgety when they lose interest in an activity, or speak out of turn during class time. But inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are all signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neuro-development disorder and can start as early as three years old throughout adulthood. People with ADHD have trouble focusing on tasks and activities, this c an have a negative impact on the individual in different ways. It can make the child feelRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1699 Words   |  7 Pagesinteraction of core ADHD symptoms with co-morbid problems and neuropsychological deï ¬ cits suggests that individuals with ADHD are likely to experience problems in academic settings. This study was conducted to show the disadvantages and impairments in the education of children with ADHD. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral condition that most commonly affects school-age children. ADHD is characterized by unusual levels of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. InattentionRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)1259 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly found disorder in children in the United States. Statistics show that the male to female ratio for children with ADHD is eight to one. 4.4 million Children between the ages four to seventeen have diagnosed with ADHD (Cheng Tina L et al.). African American children are at a higher risk for having ADHD. Caucasian children are least likely to have ADHD. 2.5 million children receive medication for ADHD, but African American childrenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1058 Words   |  5 PagesIn classrooms today, there are many children who suffer from disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivit y Disorder (or ADHD/ADD.) While much is known about these disorders and how they affect the education of children, there are only a few known methods that consistently help an affected child focus and target in on what they need to learn. Medication for children With Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder must be used as an aid to help the affected child to focus and comprehend informationRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay700 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is ADHD? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects almost 10% of American children between 13 and 18 years old, as well as 4% of U.S. adults over 18. Only a licensed mental health professional can provide an ADHD diagnosis, after a thorough evaluation. ADHD has three primary characteristics: Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Inattentive: Are effortlessly distracted, fail to catch details, are forgetful, and regularly switch activities. Find it difficult to focusRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pagesfor Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. â€Å"An article from prescription provider Express scripts, finds a large overall increase in the number of Americans treated for ADHD there was a 36 percent increase in just five years† (David Muzina, 2014). When statistics like this are seen it is only normal for someone to ask questions. People are becoming curious about the legitimacy of the disorder, and whether or not the treatments being given to the individual are appropriate. ADHD may seem controversialRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )978 Words   |  4 Pagesdiagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children since the 21st century. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the increase has been seen as a difference from, â€Å"7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 and to 11.0% in 2011† (p. 4). Many que stions arise concerning why the numbers are on the rise, especially when boys are 7.6 percent more likely than girls to receive the diagnosis of ADHD. When should the line be drawn between a disorder, and hyperactivity that comes with childhood

Social Media Social Networking and Social Curation - Free Solution

Question: Discuss about theSocial Media for Social Networking and Social Curation. Answer: Introduction Social media is collection of online communication channels those are dedicated to community based input, interaction, collaboration and content sharing. Social media websites are mostly dedicated to blogs, forums, microblogging, social networking and social curation. Now in next segment of this report, we will emphasize on importance of social media. (WhatIs.com, 2016) Discussion Importance of Social Media in Real Life According to analysis, we got to know that social media has tremendously changed the way of people to interact and carry on with their everyday lives. Today internet has become necessity of every home, office and people love to spend most of their time of social media sites. The excessive use of social media also puts influence over sale of smart phones. In following areas, social media is importantly used for work: (Briscoe, 2016) News Delivery In case of news delivery, social media plays an important role. The selling of newspapers has decreased due to online delivery of newspapers. The trend to distribute news among people has changed worldwide and now people like to read news online. Social media provides latest updates about an event or incidents those are happening worldwide. The reason for this is trust of people on social websites and its content more than traditional sources of news. Social Media and Networking Social media is so much helpful to connect people and to stay in touch for long time with existing contacts. Social networking provides help to open up with new possibilities of discovering and learning information, sharing ideas and interacting with others. LinkedIn is a famous social networking website which is used to create professional networks that provide help to search jobs online and to enhance career opportunities. Types of Social Media Social media is divided into types and common types of social media are social networks, bookmarking sites, social news, media sharing, microblogging, blogs and forums. Here social network services allow to connect with other people who have similar interest and background. The most popular social networks are Facebook and LinkedIn. (Timgrahl.com, 2016) Bookmarking sites allow users to save, organize and manage links to various websites and resources around the internet. Under this category, Delicious and StumbleUpon sites are used. Social news services allow users to post various news or links to outside articles and then its users vote to items. Voting is key social aspect and on the behalf of voting it is decided by community which item is highly seen by people. Digg and Reddit are websites come under this category. Besides this, media sharing service allows to upload and share various media elements such as pictures, videos and audios. YouTube and Flicker are examples of media sharing sites. Microblogging emphasizes on short updates that are sent to anyone who has subscribed for latest updates. Twitter is a popular microblogging website. Blog comments and forums allow people to hold conversation on a particular topic by messages. Security Threats of Social Media Social media is popular worldwide and for every individual, it has become a best way to communicate, sharing and to perform business activities online. But social media users are suffering with problem of security threats such as hacking attacks etc. Here we have some common security threats of social media that cannot be ignored. Threat of Identity Stolen Social Profile Hacked Becoming Overconfident Allow Burglars to know your whereabouts. Threat of Identity Stolen Hackers try to get personal information of users from social media. Whether users have high security profiles, but still hacker have ways to access some information of users. On Social media websites email address or other information is commonly given. Social Profile Hacked Hackers like to use social networking and they go right to the source to inject malicious code. The code hackers can steal identity of users, inject viruses to computer and can take bank account information. (Adweek.com, 2013) Becoming Overconfident Overconfidence is one of the biggest threat of social media. There are various users who believe that if they have firewall and anti-virus into their system then they have no threat for security and they try to post confidential information on internet which results in bad outcomes. Allow Burglars to know your Whereabouts When social networking users post their confidential data over internet then they actually allow hackers to access their personal information on website. Burglars are always ready to hack information through their online day to day activities. These are some critical security and privacy issues that have encountered while using social media websites. Mitigation of these issues is necessary both at users and developers end. (Sophos.com, 2016) Mitigation for Social Media Security Issues There are some important ways that can be used to maintain security and privacy on social media websites. At developers end, encryption technique must be used while doing programming. Encryption protects code from hackers attack. User must avoid to post their confidential information on social media sites such as bank account information, contact no. and other personal information. Proper security checks should be used on websites by developers that can verify accuracy and reliability of data that is posted by users on social media websites. (Everett, 2010) Conclusion After this whole discussion about social media, we can say that this technique has brought a big change into our lives. Interactions, information sharing and transformation of data have become so easy. But some drawbacks of social media regarding security cannot be avoided. So it is responsibility of social media developers to find out new techniques and tools for maintaining security and privacy of data. References Adweek.com. (2013). 5 Threats To Your Security When Using Social Media. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.adweek.com/socialtimes/5-social-media-threats/493325 Timgrahl.com.(2016). The 6 Types of Social Media | Tim Grahl. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://timgrahl.com/the-6-types-of-social-media/ Briscoe, C. (2016). How Social Media is Playing a Great Role in our Daily Life - WebMaster View. Webmasterview.com. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.webmasterview.com/2011/12/social-media-role-in-daily-life/ WhatIs.com.(2016). What is social media? - Definition from WhatIs.com. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/social-media Everett, C. (2010). Social media: opportunity or risk?. Computer Fraud Security, 2010(6), 8-10. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1361-3723(10)70066-x Sophos.com. (2016). Social Media Security | Protecting from Security Threats on Social Media: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter and Google Plus. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.sophos.com/en-us/security-news-trends/security-trends/social-networking-security-threats.aspx

The Portman Hotel †Case Study Essay Example For Students

The Portman Hotel – Case Study Essay EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Portman Hotel was built with the intent of being a 5 star hotel that provided superior service to its guests. This superior service centered around a business plan that was based on Asian standards of hospitality. The Portman Hotel executives were committed to keeping both their guest and employees happy. The vision that would separate The Portman from the competition was â€Å"personal valets† (PVs). These PVs were responsible to every need of a guest. This included everything from cleaning and restocking the rooms, to more personalized services like pressing the guest’s clothes, preparing the guest’s drinks, or drawing a guest’s bath. As long the requests from the guests were legal and moral it was the PVs obligation to meet the request. The first year of operations at The Portman was difficult. The hotel had committed to hiring top quality people by utilizing SRI, a recruiting and development firm. However, there was only a two week orientation and training period for new employees. We will write a custom essay on The Portman Hotel – Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The staff was originally designed to be very flat structurally, thereby eliminating many levels of hierarchical management and overhead costs. The hotel also did not have a solid plan at the operating (PV) level for all of the day to day functions. Due to the lack of training and no standard operating procedures, many employees were confused and frustrated daily. Over the course of ten months the hotel had attempted several different ways to eliminate chaos, confusion, and distrust among the PVs. Toward the end of the year the hotel occupancy began to rapidly increase causing management to rapidly hire more PVs. The rapid hiring resulted in compromising on hiring the best personnel for the positions and a further reduced capability to adequately train the new employees. As the Portman Hotel experiences higher than expected occupancy it must find a system to engage the personal valets in order to provide to the hotel guests the level of service required of the Portman Hotel. While they have struggled in the past, the PV’s that remain with the hotel still believe and are committed to the hotel’s mission. The Portman must use that commitment to engage the new recruits and design a performance management system that will sustain engaged PV’s at the Portman. In order to engage the employees the Portman must be dedicated to a performance management system. This cannot be the â€Å"system of the month† that simply creates hype for a time and then fades away, as they experienced with the 5-Star system. The hotel must set goals, monitor and evaluate these goals, provide feedback and create a reward and recognition program. (Krasner, 244). With the introduction of the 5-Star Program, the Portman relied on the PV’s to participate in the problem solving for the hotel. The Portman should again rely on the employees with the establishment of a performance management system by using a Management by Objectives system. This type of system would incorporate participation from the employees for decision making, goal setting and objective feedback (Kreitner, 246). This program should begin with the strategic plan of the hotel and then set goals for employees that will align with the hotels organizational objective. These goals should be set using the SMART method (Kreitner, 248). Once the goals are set, management must get commitment from the staff that they believe these goals are attainable and that they believe in why they are pursuing these goals. If the Portman uses staff to set these goals, commitment will be easier to obtain, than if they are just sent down from the top. .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b , .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b .postImageUrl , .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b , .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b:hover , .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b:visited , .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b:active { border:0!important; } .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b:active , .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0f361d888b3dafa917ee0a01f6af288b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dr. Faustus EssayAnd finally their hotel must provide feedback from the measurement of these goals. Feedback has to include both reward and accountability to be successful. To set a clear direction, Scott should implement the team caption concept. With the team captain, the personal valets would have immediate contact with a supervisor who would have the training and understanding of the job requirements to provide an appropriate answer that will continue to motivate the employees and keep the customers happy (i. e. , keep the tips to the employees flowing). Although the team captain would lead to higher costs and another level in the hierarchy, the communication that could be provided to the personal valets will be invaluable because the increased communication will help alleviate the turnover and lead to a more quality experience for the customers (which in the service industry leads to additional stays/word of mouth referrals/increased occupancy rates). The new level in the hierarchy would be crucial in creating a training plan for new and existing personal valets o that the quality standard Portman is committed to have will be fulfilled. Portman should look at what they want the customers to take away from their stay at the hotel. The job structure for the personal valet’s should be structured so that the customer experience is the focus. The happier the customers are with their experience at the hotel, the larger the tips for the employees will be as well as there would be return business and referrals. Another suggestion for change in the Portman Hotel Company involves the Personal Valet’s (PV) job tasks. The organizational vision of Portman is superior customer service. The PV’s primary goal is to provide that service by any means necessary. However, they are also responsible for cleaning duties. From the case: â€Å"Aside from the these butler-like tasks, the PVs also had to clean the rooms, perform minor maintenance, restock the rooms’ mini-bars, paint, clean the hallway and move out the room service tray. † These duties are time consuming and do not contribute to guest service. They break the results oriented portion of an organization’s SMART goals. An alternative to this situation is to contract out the housekeeping, cleaning, and laundry functions to an independent firm. The benefits to this strategy are numerous. First, the removal of the cleaning duties from the PV’s job responsibilities allows for more time to be committed to the ultimate goal of customer service. Second, the cost of hiring a contract firm could be offset by the reduction in the number of required PVs, leading to increased salaries for the remaining PVs. Besides, the money saved on PV salaries, Portman would also be saving money on the extra benefits provided to associates. These benefits include long-term disability, retirement plans, reimbursements for outside courses, parties, and cafeteria access. A potential problem with this plan could be a decrease in the quality of the cleaning and maintenance tasks. Portman management would need to be diligent in monitoring the quality of service the contracted firm provided. Also, a decrease in the size of the PV staff could lead to decreased employee morale. Ultimately, limiting the scope of the PV’s job tasks to those functions directly related to customer service will lead to a more narrow focus on the organizational vision. Employees will benefit from having clearer expectations and Portman management will have fewer employees to oversee and fewer tasks to monitor. Increasing communication between management and the employees is essential for employees to have good relationships between themselves and their superiors. Clark Wilson created a skills profile that noted eleven skills exhibited by an effective manager. The eleven skills create a cycle with human interaction at all times. With the Portman hotel, there was very little communication flow from the employees to management or from management to employees. There was also a missing communication link with the customers of the Portman Hotel. The customers were unaware of how the personal valet concept worked. Leaving the customers uninformed led to the personal valets not receiving the amount of tips that they had been led to believe that they would receive when the program began and the low occupancy of the hotel also led to the low tip pay for the personal valets. .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b , .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b .postImageUrl , .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b , .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b:hover , .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b:visited , .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b:active { border:0!important; } .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b:active , .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uba5532e40149044f1300256db9311c6b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Behaviors and Theories EssayThe personal valets were also dissatisfied with the job content of their positions. In addition, motivating jobs can be designed around intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. When a person derives intrinsic rewards from a job, the person derives motivation and creativity. At Portman Hotel, the meaningfulness reward would be met by the management helping the employees identify how their work falls in line with the organizational vision. The choice reward would be met by management empowering employees and delegating responsibilities meaningful assignments. The competence reward would be met by ensuring employees have the knowledge to complete their job and that any deficiencies would be handled through training and mentoring. The progress reward would be met by monitoring and rewarding others. Management should be prepared to provide training to the employees so that the employees can meet goals that the employees set. Besides, Portman could implement job rotation, job enlargement (more variety), and job enrichment among the personal valets. This motivational approach to job design attempts to improve job satisfaction as well as some behavioral aspects (Kreitner, 230). Hence, Portman will have higher motivation, better performance from employees, higher satisfaction from employees and lower absenteeism and turnover. In conclusion, there are several ranging ways to improve the use of PV’s at the Portman Hotel. The overall conclusion is that setting clear-cut goals for the employees as well as defining ways to reward and motivate will enhance the use of PV’s to generate the end desire from the hotel management. With the appropriate utilization of these theories the hotel will be able to establish a PV program that falls in line with the reasons the original ideas was created.

Maximian essays

Maximian essays The overall impression I got of Maximian after reading Lactantiuss text On the Manner in which the Persecutors died, is that Maximian was a vulgar, menacing beast with a savage temper. Lactantius mentions Maximian as possessing an evil spirit and a bold attitude for doing bad deeds. The passage that helped shape my overall impression of Maximian as an evil Caesar, which I believe to be most reliable, was the passage from chapter eight. Lactantius mentions in this chapter things like Whenever he stood in need of more, the richest senators were presently charged, by suborned evidences, as guilty of aspiring to the empire; so that the chief luminaries of the senate were daily extinguished. And thus the treasury, delighting in blood, overflowed with ill-gotten wealth. After reading this passage it was very clear to me that Maximian was a very greedy emperor who would go to any lengths to get what he wanted. Another passage which states Maximians evil doings is also from chapter eight. I also find this passage to be reliable. Lactantius mentions here Add to all this the incontinency of that pestilent wretch, not only in debauching males, which is hateful and abominable, but also in the violation of the daughters of the principal men of the state; for wherever he journeyed, virgins were suddenly torn from the presence of their parents. This passage helped to shape my opinion on his savageness. In a passage from chapter thirty Lactantius gives more evidence of Maximians character which helps shape my initial impression of an emperor who is willing to go to any lengths to get what he wants. I believe this passage is very reliable because it highlights everything that I have already learned about Maximian. In this passage Lactantius brings to light that after Maximian was insulted by his son-in-law Constantine, he grew impatient and formed a plot to kill him by asking his ...

Using zeitgeist Coherently

Using zeitgeist Coherently Using zeitgeist Coherently Using zeitgeist Coherently By Maeve Maddox Zeitgeist is one of those lovely German borrowings that packs into a single word a thought that would require several in English. Zeitgeist: [tsÄ «tgÄ «st, zÄ «tgÄ «st] n. The spirit or genius which marks the thought or feeling of a period or age. NOTE: In German, all nouns are capitalized. The OED capitalizes Zeitgeist; Merriam-Webster does not. German Zeit means time and Geist is cognate with our word ghost, which doesnt only mean the spirit of a person who has died, but can also mean an informing spirit, as in the term the Holy Ghost. Coined by Matthew Arnold in the 19th century to put a name on the spirit of social change and uncertainty that characterized the Victorian Age, zeitgeist has crept into the popular vocabulary where it is flung about without much thought as to what it means. A special interest group and Google have co-opted the word to special uses. Zeitgeist is the name attached to a movement launched by a group of social reformers who wish to reallocate world resources under a global government. Google has a statistics function called Zeitgeist that aggregates how often particular topics are searched over time. In the web context, a zeitgeist is an idea or image that is iconic of a particular moment. Some writers use it as a mere synonym for trend, or fad. Some plant it in the (usually) redundant phrase zeitgeist of the moment. Others, perhaps wishing to create a phrase on the model of Oprahs aha moment, talk about a zeitgeist moment. Here are some examples of the questionable use of zeitgeist: If it’s true that a taste for simple rustic dishes is emerging as the culinary zeitgeist of the moment, Trattoria San Pietro is likely to become even more popular than it already is. The Zeitgeist is getting all sticky. (Headline for an article about a trend to use use bees in the production of artwork.) Favorite Zeitgeist Moments (forum thread in which a zeitgeist moment is defined as Just little moments in any song that really grab your attention, even if you dont like the rest of the song its in.) The scoreboard flashed 715, fireworks erupted, the fans celebrated. Braves radio announcer Milo Hamilton famously captured the zeitgeist of the moment†¦ (Hank Aaron hitting his 715th home run)†¨ The only time it might make sense to talk about the zeitgeist of the moment would be in comparing the present age to a previous one, as Stephen Jay Gould does in The Structure of Evolutionary Theory: By contrast, the common themes behind the reformulations defended in this book all follow froma set of integrated approaches that strongly contribute to the Zeitgeist of our moment. Gould is clearly thinking of two Zeitgeists, Darwins and ours: Whatever the contribution of a Victorian Zeitgeist to Darwins thinking, or of a contemporary Zeitgeist to our revisions, the differences are testable Some popular writers do use zeitgeist in the sense of views associated with a particular period of time. Heres a reviewer of romance novels: I’m not sure why there’s this unwillingness to go along with the zeitgeist of the time in which the book was written, but instead to apply today’s standards of fashion or technology or pop culture as markers of timelessness. Stanislav Grof, writing about the biomechanical set designs of H. R. Giger, observes that the zeitgeist of the twentieth century is characterized by staggering technological progress that enslaved modern humanity in an internecine symbiosis with the world of machines. For Matthew Arnold, the 19th century author to whom we owe the term, the zeitgeist is much more than the prevailing world view at a given time in history. Its a force that influences events. A dehumanizing zeitgeist is something to be resisted. The OED gives this illustration of Arnolds first use of the word: I..took up Obermann, and refuged myself with him..against your Zeit Geist. Obermann was a book by French author Etienne Pivert de Senancour (1770-1846). Senancour disliked the trappings of civilization and sought tranquility in nature. Obermann is full of descriptions of Nature and praise of solitude. The quotation in the OED reference is from a letter to Arnolds friend Arthur Clough, who had written a poem that Arnold felt reflected the Victorian zeitgeist. In reading Obermann, Arnold was seeking refuge from a zeitgeist from which he felt alienated. To talk about a sports zeitgeist or a culinary zeitgeist, or a fashion zeitgeist when all one means is trend, is to waste a high-powered word. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Definitely use "the" or "a"Used To vs. Use To15 Names and Descriptions of Effects

Powerlessness in Amongst Nurses Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Powerlessness in Amongst Nurses - Research Paper Example Managers have a tendency to overlook the internal conflicts that exist amongst the staff. Nurses experience intense conflicts amongst each other, and they require an arbitrative party to resolve the rivalry (Manojlovich, 2007). When the conflicts are highly persistent, the nurses develop a negative attitude towards the workplace. They feel that situations will remain conflicting. Consequently, the nurses do not anticipate changes and harmony within the workplace. The negative attitude amounts to a feeling of powerlessness in the workplace. Powerless staff will relieve their negative feelings amongst each other (Carpenito-Moyet, 2007). This is according to the oppression theory. Evidently, conflict and powerlessness have a direct affiliation in the workplace. Lateral violence is also a key attribution to powerlessness within the unit. This vice amounts to bullying. Most of the minority nurses experience much adversity from majors within the unit. In this case, the majors oppress colle agues with demeaning tasks (Russell, 2012). Consequently, the patient care is significantly deprived due to the impaired relationships that exist within the staff. Powerful groups extremely humiliate and exploit the powerless groups. Nurses invest in lateral violence in the quest for power. Consequently, they render their colleagues powerless within the workplace. ... Nursing proficiency is a source of power within the unit. Expertise has a definite positive impact to the nurses’ self-esteem. With the advancement of expertise, nurses attain a sense of authority (Manojlovich, 2007). Expertise and proficiency are attainable resources within the confines of the unit. Nurses encounter diverse challenges and experiences that enhance nurse expertise. Attainment of knowledge and skills within the unit accredits the nurse with professional influence to other workmates. In this case, the nurse with expertise will mentor and train newly recruited staff. They are in a capacity to provide a mentorship affiliation with the incoming workforce (Porter-O'Grady, 2009). Consequently, the experienced nurses gain power to induce skills to the recruited nurses. Expertise power amounts to healing supremacy. It transforms the lives of the patients significantly towards healing and recovery. Therefore, expertise elevates the power to care for the patients. Ethics and expertise are evident sources of power within the unit. Question 1c Nancy has an obligation to encourage the nurses towards empowerment. She also has an obligation to resolve the unwanted behaviors within the unit. Nancy ought to spell the impacts of negative relationships. This would involve specific and relevant examples within the nursing unit (Carpenito-Moyet, 2007). Therefore, Nancy should illustrate the ramifications of abusive relationships amongst the nurses. For example, Nancy would outline the impacts of the negative relationships to the patients. She would achieve this by showing the high mortality rate and deprived care towards the patients. Through this illustration, the nurses would be encouraged towards healthy

Mot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mot - Essay Example In order to help unmotivated students, a process called attribution retraining is employed that involves modeling, socialization and practice exercises among others. Moreover, other potentially helpful practices can be incorporated such as portraying effort as investment rather than risk, portraying skill development as incremental and domain specific and always focus of mastery. During early childhood development, children express their concern through curiosity and explore new things. However, as children grow, their psychosocial environment influences their learning behavior and learning frequency. Many children though physically present in the classroom remain absent mentally. They do not want to invest their mind and energy towards learning things. It is therefore, important for educators to first understand students’ attitudes and beliefs towards learning and then help minimize students’ lack of concern. Understanding student motivation is very important. In simple terms, it can be defined as the students’ desire to participate in a specific task. However, it is also directly associated with students’ academic achievement. Students can get motivated in two ways: intrinsically and extrinsically. In the former case, motivation comes from rewards inherent to a task. However, extrinsically motivated students perform task to avoid punishment such as grades, teacher approval, etc. However, the phrase, motivation to learn is mainly associated with academic achievement. It does not matter whether the task is intrinsically or extrinsically motivated or not. Well, there are various factors that influence student motivation including modeling, communication, instruction, socialization, etc. In addition, home environment also shapes the students’ attitudes and beliefs towards learning. Parental care, encouragement and explaining answers to numerous

Health and Behavioral Consequences of Binge Drinking in College Essay Example for Free

Health and Behavioral Consequences of Binge Drinking in College Essay Objective — To examine the extent of binge drinking by college students and the ensuing health and behavioral problems that binge drinkers create for themselves and others on their campus. Design — Self-administered survey mailed to a national representative sample of US 4-year college students. Setting — One hundred forty US 4-year colleges in 1993. Participants — A total of 17,592 college students. Main Outcome Measures — Self-reports of drinking behaviour, alcohol-related health problems, and other problems. Results — Almost half (44%) of college students responding to the survey were binge drinkers, including almost one fifth (19%) of the studenst who were frequent binge drinkers. Frequent binge drinkers are more likely to experience seious health and other consequences of their drinking behaviour than other students. Almost half (47%) of the frequent binge drinkers experienced five or more different drinking related problems, including injuries and engaging in unplanned sex, since the beginning of the school year. Most binge drinkers do not consider themselves to be problem drinkers and have not sought treatment for an alcohol problem. Binge drinkers create problems for classmates who are not binge drinkers. Students who are not binge drinkers at schools with higher binge rates were more liekly than students at schools with lower binge rates to experience problems such as being pushed, hit, or assualted or experiencing an unwanted sexual advance. Conclusions — Binge drinking is widespread on college campuses. Programs aimed at reducing this problem should focus on frequent binge drinkers, refer them to treatment or educational programs, and emphasize the harm they cause for students who are not binge drinkers

The Spread of Soviet-Backed Communism Across Eastern Europe after 1945

The Spread of Soviet-Backed Communism Across Eastern Europe after 1945 In seeking to provide an answer to the question, â€Å"Was the spread of Soviet-backed communism inevitable across Eastern Europe after 1945?,† I would like to point to the words of a contemporary specialist. At the end of World War II, R. R. Betts, the Masaryk Professor of Central European History at London University, asserted that much of the â€Å"revolution in central and eastern Europe† is â€Å"native and due to the efforts of the peoples and their own leaders . . . [making it] â€Å"clear that even if the Soviet Union had not been so near and so powerful, revolutionary changes would have come at the end of so destructive and subversive a war as that which ended in 1945† (Betts 212, in Mazower, 255). Though Betts points simply to the war and native efforts as the essential impetus for radical solutions where many points can be made implicating pre-war issues and outside intervention (or lack thereof) in the same causal fashion, the thrust of his argument is what I would like to echo in my paper. The radical situation following World War II in Eastern Europe was untenable and called almost uniformly for a radical solution. However, that the solution was necessarily Soviet-backed communism is not fully supported by the facts. A radical solution? Yes. Authoritarianism? Quite likely. Soviet-backed communism? Very probable, but by no means inevitable. While there is much evidence and scholarship to support the deterministic viewpoint implied by the principal query, it seems a naà ¯ve view of history to suggest that what happened absolutely could not have happened any other way. To respond in kind to the simplistic discourse of ‘in... ...ore or less might not have found a marginally different path at some point along the way. An argument of inevitability is not sufficient to understand the subtleties of history. Works Cited: Betts, R. R. ed. Central and South East Europe, 1945-1948. London, 1949. Lewis, Paul. Central Europe Since 1945. London: Longman, 1994. Mazower, Mark. Dark Continent: Europe’s 20th Century. London: Penguin, 1999. Roberts, Geoffrey. â€Å"Moscow and the Marshall Plan: Politics, Ideology and the Onset of the Cold War, 1947† Europe-Asia Studies 46:8, Soviet and East European History (1994), 1371-1386. Rothschild, Joseph and Nancy M. Wingfield. Return to Diversity: A Political History of East Central Europe since World War II. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2000. Swain, Geoffrey and Nigel Swain. Eastern Europe Since 1945. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan, 1998.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Sixty-eight

Daenerys Wings shadowed her fever dreams. â€Å"You don't want to wake the dragon, do you?† She was walking down a long hall beneath high stone arches. She could not look behind her, must not look behind her. There was a door ahead of her, tiny with distance, but even from afar, she saw that it was painted red. She walked faster, and her bare feet left bloody footprints on the stone. â€Å"You don't want to wake the dragon, do you?† She saw sunlight on the Dothraki sea, the living plain, rich with the smells of earth and death. Wind stirred the grasses, and they rippled like water. Drogo held her in strong arms, and his hand stroked her sex and opened her and woke that sweet wetness that was his alone, and the stars smiled down on them, stars in a daylight sky. â€Å"Home,† she whispered as he entered her and filled her with his seed, but suddenly the stars were gone, and across the blue sky swept the great wings, and the world took flame. † . . . don't want to wake the dragon, do you?† Ser Jorah's face was drawn and sorrowful. â€Å"Rhaegar was the last dragon,† he told her. He warmed translucent hands over a glowing brazier where stone eggs smouldered red as coals. One moment he was there and the next he was fading, his flesh colorless, less substantial than the wind. â€Å"The last dragon,† he whispered, thin as a wisp, and was gone. She felt the dark behind her, and the red door seemed farther away than ever. † . . . don't want to wake the dragon, do you?† Viserys stood before her, screaming. â€Å"The dragon does not beg, slut. You do not command the dragon. I am the dragon, and I will be crowned.† The molten gold trickled down his face like wax, burning deep channels in his flesh. â€Å"I am the dragon and I will be crowned!† he shrieked, and his fingers snapped like snakes, biting at her nipples, pinching, twisting, even as his eyes burst and ran like jelly down seared and blackened cheeks. † . . . don't want to wake the dragon . . . â€Å" The red door was so far ahead of her, and she could feel the icy breath behind, sweeping up on her. If it caught her she would die a death that was more than death, howling forever alone in the darkness. She began to run. † . . . don't want to wake the dragon . . . â€Å" She could feel the heat inside her, a terrible burning in her womb. Her son was tall and proud, with Drogo's copper skin and her own silver-gold hair, violet eyes shaped like almonds. And he smiled for her and began to lift his hand toward hers, but when he opened his mouth the fire poured out. She saw his heart burning through his chest, and in an instant he was gone, consumed like a moth by a candle, turned to ash. She wept for her child, the promise of a sweet mouth on her breast, but her tears turned to steam as they touched her skin. † . . . want to wake the dragon . . . â€Å" Ghosts lined the hallway, dressed in the faded raiment of kings. In their hands were swords of pale fire. They had hair of silver and hair of gold and hair of platinum white, and their eyes were opal and amethyst, tourmaline and jade. â€Å"Faster,† they cried, â€Å"faster, faster.† She raced, her feet melting the stone wherever they touched. â€Å"Faster!† the ghosts cried as one, and she screamed and threw herself forward. A great knife of pain ripped down her back, and she felt her skin tear open and smelled the stench of burning blood and saw the shadow of wings. And Daenerys Targaryen flew. † . . . wake the dragon . . . â€Å" The door loomed before her, the red door, so close, so close, the hall was a blur around her, the cold receding behind. And now the stone was gone and she flew across the Dothraki sea, high and higher, the green rippling beneath, and all that lived and breathed fled in terror from the shadow of her wings. She could smell home, she could see it, there, just beyond that door, green fields and great stone houses and arms to keep her warm, there. She threw open the door. † . . . the dragon . . . â€Å" And saw her brother Rhaegar, mounted on a stallion as black as his armor. Fire glimmered red through the narrow eye slit of his helm. â€Å"The last dragon,† Ser Jorah's voice whispered faintly. â€Å"The last, the last.† Dany lifted his polished black visor. The face within was her own. After that, for a long time, there was only the pain, the fire within her, and the whisperings of stars. She woke to the taste of ashes. â€Å"No,† she moaned, â€Å"no, please.† â€Å"Khaleesi?† Jhiqui hovered over her, a frightened doe. The tent was drenched in shadow, still and close. Flakes of ash drifted upward from a brazier, and Dany followed them with her eyes through the smoke hole above. Flying, she thought. I had wings, I was flying. But it was only a dream. â€Å"Help me,† she whispered, struggling to rise. â€Å"Bring me . . . † Her voice was raw as a wound, and she could not think what she wanted. Why did she hurt so much? It was as if her body had been torn to pieces and remade from the scraps. â€Å"I want . . . â€Å" â€Å"Yes, Khaleesi.† Quick as that Jhiqui was gone, bolting from the tent, shouting. Dany needed . . . something . . . someone . . . what? It was important, she knew. It was the only thing in the world that mattered. She rolled onto her side and got an elbow under her, fighting the blanket tangled about her legs. It was so hard to move. The world swam dizzily. I have to . . . They found her on the carpet, crawling toward her dragon eggs. Ser Jorah Mormont lifted her in his arms and carried her back to her sleeping silks, while she struggled feebly against him. Over his shoulder she saw her three handmaids, Jhogo with his little wisp of mustache, and the flat broad face of Mirri Maz Duur. â€Å"I must,† she tried to tell them, â€Å"I have to . . . â€Å" † . . . sleep, Princess,† Ser Jorah said. â€Å"No,† Dany said. â€Å"Please. Please.† â€Å"Yes.† He covered her with silk, though she was burning. â€Å"Sleep and grow strong again, Khaleesi. Come back to us.† And then Mirri Maz Duur was there, the maegi, tipping a cup against her lips. She tasted sour milk, and something else, something thick and bitter. Warm liquid ran down her chin. Somehow she swallowed. The tent grew dimmer, and sleep took her again. This time she did not dream. She floated, serene and at peace, on a black sea that knew no shore. After a time—a night, a day, a year, she could not say—she woke again. The tent was dark, its silken walls flapping like wings when the wind gusted outside. This time Dany did not attempt to rise. â€Å"Irri,† she called, â€Å"Jhiqui. Doreah.† They were there at once. â€Å"My throat is dry,† she said, â€Å"so dry,† and they brought her water. It was warm and flat, yet Dany drank it eagerly, and sent Jhiqui for more. Irri dampened a soft cloth and stroked her brow. â€Å"I have been sick,† Dany said. The Dothraki girl nodded. â€Å"How long?† The cloth was soothing, but Irri seemed so sad, it frightened her. â€Å"Long,† she whispered. When Jhiqui returned with more water, Mirri Maz Duur came with her, eyes heavy from sleep. â€Å"Drink,† she said, lifting Dany's head to the cup once more, but this time it was only wine. Sweet, sweet wine. Dany drank, and lay back, listening to the soft sound of her own breathing . She could feel the heaviness in her limbs, as sleep crept in to fill her up once more. â€Å"Bring me . . . † she murmured, her voice slurred and drowsy. â€Å"Bring . . . I want to hold . . . â€Å" â€Å"Yes?† the maegi asked. â€Å"What is it you wish, Khaleesi?† â€Å"Bring me . . . egg . . . dragon's egg . . . please . . . † Her lashes turned to lead, and she was too weary to hold them up. When she woke the third time, a shaft of golden sunlight was pouring through the smoke hole of the tent, and her arms were wrapped around a dragon's egg. It was the pale one, its scales the color of butter cream, veined with whorls of gold and bronze, and Dany could feel the heat of it. Beneath her bedsilks, a fine sheen of perspiration covered her bare skin. Dragondew, she thought. Her fingers trailed lightly across the surface of the shell, tracing the wisps of gold, and deep in the stone she felt something twist and stretch in response. It did not frighten her. All her fear was gone, burned away. Dany touched her brow. Under the film of sweat, her skin was cool to the touch, her fever gone. She made herself sit. There was a moment of dizziness, and the deep ache between her thighs. Yet she felt strong. Her maids came running at the sound of her voice. â€Å"Water,† she told them, â€Å"a flagon of water, cold as you can find it. And fruit, I think. Dates.† â€Å"As you say, Khaleesi.† â€Å"I want Ser Jorah,† she said, standing. Jhiqui brought a sandsilk robe and draped it over her shoulders. â€Å"And a warm bath, and Mirri Maz Duur, and . . . † Memory came back to her all at once, and she faltered. â€Å"Khal Drogo,† she forced herself to say, watching their faces with dread. â€Å"Is he&mdash?† â€Å"The khal lives,† Irri answered quietly . . . yet Dany saw a darkness in her eyes when she said the words, and no sooner had she spoken than she rushed away to fetch water. She turned to Doreah. â€Å"Tell me.† â€Å"I . . . I shall bring Ser Jorah,† the Lysene girl said, bowing her head and fleeing the tent. Jhiqui would have run as well, but Dany caught her by the wrist and held her captive. â€Å"What is it? I must know. Drogo . . . and my child.† Why had she not remembered the child until now? â€Å"My son . . . Rhaego . . . where is he? I want him.† Her handmaid lowered her eyes. â€Å"The boy . . . he did not live, Khaleesi.† Her voice was a frightened whisper. Dany released her wrist. My son is dead, she thought as Jhiqui left the tent. She had known somehow. She had known since she woke the first time to Jhiqui's tears. No, she had known before she woke. Her dream came back to her, sudden and vivid, and she remembered the tall man with the copper skin and long silver-gold braid, bursting into flame. She should weep, she knew, yet her eyes were dry as ash. She had wept in her dream, and the tears had turned to steam on her cheeks. All the grief has been burned out of me, she told herself. She felt sad, and yet . . . she could feel Rhaego receding from her, as if he had never been. Ser Jorah and Mirri Maz Duur entered a few moments later, and found Dany standing over the other dragon's eggs, the two still in their chest. It seemed to her that they felt as hot as the one she had slept with, which was passing strange. â€Å"Ser Jorah, come here,† she said. She took his hand and placed it on the black egg with the scarlet swirls. â€Å"What do you feel?† â€Å"Shell, hard as rock.† The knight was wary. â€Å"Scales.† â€Å"Heat?† â€Å"No. Cold stone.† He took his hand away. â€Å"Princess, are you well? Should you be up, weak as you are?† â€Å"Weak? I am strong, Jorah.† To please him, she reclined on a pile of cushions. â€Å"Tell me how my child died.† â€Å"He never lived, my princess. The women say . . . † He faltered, and Dany saw how the flesh hung loose on him, and the way he limped when he moved. â€Å"Tell me. Tell me what the women say.† He turned his face away. His eyes were haunted. â€Å"They say the child was . . . â€Å" She waited, but Ser Jorah could not say it. His face grew dark with shame. He looked half a corpse himself. â€Å"Monstrous,† Mirri Maz Duur finished for him. The knight was a powerful man, yet Dany understood in that moment that the maegi was stronger, and crueler, and infinitely more dangerous. â€Å"Twisted. I drew him forth myself. He was scaled like a lizard, blind, with the stub of a tail and small leather wings like the wings of a bat. When I touched him, the flesh sloughed off the bone, and inside he was full of graveworms and the stink of corruption. He had been dead for years.† Darkness, Dany thought. The terrible darkness sweeping up behind to devour her. If she looked back she was lost. â€Å"My son was alive and strong when Ser Jorah carried me into this tent,† she said. â€Å"I could feel him kicking, fighting to be born.† â€Å"That may be as it may be,† answered Mirri Maz Duur, â€Å"yet the creature that came forth from your womb was as I said. Death was in that tent, Khaleesi.† â€Å"Only shadows,† Ser Jorah husked, but Dany could hear the doubt in his voice. â€Å"I saw, maegi. I saw you, alone, dancing with the shadows. â€Å" â€Å"The grave casts long shadows, Iron Lord,† Mirri said. â€Å"Long and dark, and in the end no light can hold them back.† Ser Jorah had killed her son, Dany knew. He had done what he did for love and loyalty, yet he had carried her into a place no living man should go and fed her baby to the darkness. He knew it too; the grey face, the hollow eyes, the limp. â€Å"The shadows have touched you too, Ser Jorah,† she told him. The knight made no reply. Dany turned to the godswife. â€Å"You warned me that only death could pay for life. I thought you meant the horse.† â€Å"No,† Mirri Maz Duur said. â€Å"That was a lie you told yourself. You knew the price.† Had she? Had she? If I look back I am lost. â€Å"The price was paid,† Dany said. â€Å"The horse, my child, Quaro and Qotho, Haggo and Cohollo. The price was paid and paid and paid.† She rose from her cushions. â€Å"Where is Khal Drogo? Show him to me, godswife, maegi, bloodmage, whatever you are. Show me Khal Drogo. Show me what I bought with my son's life.† â€Å"As you command, Khaleesi,† the old woman said. â€Å"Come, I will take you to him.† Dany was weaker than she knew. Ser Jorah slipped an arm around her and helped her stand. â€Å"Time enough for this later, my princess,† he said quietly. â€Å"I would see him now, Ser Jorah.† After the dimness of the tent, the world outside was blinding bright. The sun burned like molten gold, and the land was seared and empty. Her handmaids waited with fruit and wine and water, and Jhogo moved close to help Ser Jorah support her. Aggo and Rakharo stood behind. The glare of sun on sand made it hard to see more, until Dany raised her hand to shade her eyes. She saw the ashes of a fire, a few score horses milling listlessly and searching for a bite of grass, a scattering of tents and bedrolls. A small crowd of children had gathered to watch her, and beyond she glimpsed women going about their work, and withered old men staring at the flat blue sky with tired eyes, swatting feebly at bloodflies. A count might show a hundred people, no more. Where the other forty thousand had made their camp, only the wind and dust lived now. â€Å"Drogo's khalasar is gone,† she said. â€Å"A khal who cannot ride is no khal,† said Jhogo. â€Å"The Dothraki follow only the strong,† Ser Jorah said. â€Å"I am sorry, my princess. There was no way to hold them. Ko Pono left first, naming himself Khal Pono, and many followed him. Jhaqo was not long to do the same. The rest slipped away night by night, in large bands and small. There are a dozen new khalasars on the Dothraki sea, where once there was only Drogo's.† â€Å"The old remain,† said Aggo. â€Å"The frightened, the weak, and the sick. And we who swore. We remain.† â€Å"They took Khal Drogo's herds, Khaleesi,† Rakharo said. â€Å"We were too few to stop them. It is the right of the strong to take from the weak. They took many slaves as well, the khal's and yours, yet they left some few.† â€Å"Eroeh?† asked Dany, remembering the frightened child she had saved outside the city of the Lamb Men. â€Å"Mago seized her, who is Khal Jhaqo's bloodrider now,† said Jhogo. â€Å"He mounted her high and low and gave her to his khal, and Jhaqo gave her to his other bloodriders. They were six. When they were done with her, they cut her throat.† â€Å"It was her fate, Khaleesi,† said Aggo. If I look back I am lost. â€Å"It was a cruel fate,† Dany said, â€Å"yet not so cruel as Mago's will be. I promise you that, by the old gods and the new, by the lamb god and the horse god and every god that lives. I swear it by the Mother of Mountains and the Womb of the World. Before I am done with them, Mago and Ko Jhaqo will plead for the mercy they showed Eroeh.† The Dothraki exchanged uncertain glances. â€Å"Khaleesi, † the handmaid Irri explained, as if to a child, â€Å"Jhaqo is a khal now, with twenty thousand riders at his back.† She lifted her head. â€Å"And I am Daenerys Stormhorn, Daenerys of House Targaryen, of the blood of Aegon the Conqueror and Maegor the Cruel and old Valyria before them. I am the dragon's daughter, and I swear to you, these men will die screaming. Now bring me to Khal Drogo.† He was lying on the bare red earth, staring up at the sun. A dozen bloodflies had settled on his body, though he did not seem to feel them. Dany brushed them away and knelt beside him. His eyes were wide open but did not see, and she knew at once that he was blind. When she whispered his name, he did not seem to hear. The wound on his breast was as healed as it would ever be, the scar that covered it grey and red and hideous. â€Å"Why is he out here alone, in the sun?† she asked them. â€Å"He seems to like the warmth, Princess,† Ser Jorah said. â€Å"His eyes follow the sun, though he does not see it. He can walk after a fashion. He will go where you lead him, but no farther. He will eat if you put food in his mouth, drink if you dribble water on his lips.† Dany kissed her sun-and-stars gently on the brow, and stood to face Mirri Maz Duur. â€Å"Your spells are costly, maegi.† â€Å"He lives,† said Mirri Maz Duur. â€Å"You asked for life. You paid for life.† â€Å"This is not life, for one who was as Drogo was. His life was laughter, and meat roasting over a firepit, and a horse between his legs. His life was an arakh in his hand and his bells ringing in his hair as he rode to meet an enemy. His life was his bloodriders, and me, and the son I was to give him.† Mirri Maz Duur made no reply. â€Å"When will he be as he was?† Dany demanded. â€Å"When the sun rises in the west and sets in the east,† said Mirri Maz Duur. â€Å"When the seas go dry and mountains blow in the wind like leaves. When your womb quickens again, and you bear a living child. Then he will return, and not before.† Dany gestured at Ser Jorah and the others. â€Å"Leave us. I would speak with this maegi alone.† Mormont and the Dothraki withdrew. â€Å"You knew,† Dany said when they were gone. She ached, inside and out, but her fury gave her strength. â€Å"You knew what I was buying, and you knew the price, and yet you let me pay it.† â€Å"It was wrong of them to burn my temple,† the heavy, flat-nosed woman said placidly. â€Å"That angered the Great Shepherd.† â€Å"This was no god's work,† Dany said coldly. If I look back I am lost. â€Å"You cheated me. You murdered my child within me.† â€Å"The stallion who mounts the world will burn no cities now. His khalasar shall trample no nations into dust.† â€Å"I spoke for you,† she said, anguished. â€Å"I saved you.† â€Å"Saved me?† The Lhazareen woman spat. â€Å"Three riders had taken me, not as a man takes a woman but from behind, as a dog takes a bitch. The fourth was in me when you rode past. How then did you save me? I saw my god's house burn, where I had healed good men beyond counting. My home they burned as well, and in the street I saw piles of heads. I saw the head of a baker who made my bread. I saw the head of a boy I had saved from deadeye fever, only three moons past. I heard children crying as the riders drove them off with their whips. Tell me again what you saved.† â€Å"Your life.† Mirri Maz Duur laughed cruelly. â€Å"Look to your khal and see what life is worth, when all the rest is gone.† Dany called out for the men of her khas and bid them take Mirri Maz Duur and bind her hand and foot, but the maegi smiled at her as they carried her off, as if they shared a secret. A word, and Dany could have her head off . . . yet then what would she have? A head? If life was worthless, what was death? They led Khal Drogo back to her tent, and Dany commanded them to fill a tub, and this time there was no blood in the water. She bathed him herself, washing the dirt and the dust from his arms and chest, cleaning his face with a soft cloth, soaping his long black hair and combing the knots and tangles from it till it shone again as she remembered. It was well past dark before she was done, and Dany was exhausted. She stopped for drink and food, but it was all she could do to nibble at a fig and keep down a mouthful of water. Sleep would have been a release, but she had slept enough . . . too long, in truth. She owed this night to Drogo, for all the nights that had been, and yet might be. The memory of their first ride was with her when she led him out into the darkness, for the Dothraki believed that all things of importance in a man's life must be done beneath the open sky. She told herself that there were powers stronger than hatred, and spells older and truer than any the maegi had learned in Asshai. The night was black and moonless, but overhead a million stars burned bright. She took that for an omen. No soft blanket of grass welcomed them here, only the hard dusty ground, bare and strewn with stones. No trees stirred in the wind, and there was no stream to soothe her fears with the gentle music of water. Dany told herself that the stars would be enough. â€Å"Remember, Drogo,† she whispered. â€Å"Remember our first ride together, the day we wed. Remember the night we made Rhaego, with the khalasar all around us and your eyes on my face. Remember how cool and clean the water was in the Womb of the World. Remember, my sun-and-stars. Remember, and come back to me.† The birth had left her too raw and torn to take him inside of her, as she would have wanted, but Doreah had taught her other ways. Dany used her hands, her mouth, her breasts. She raked him with her nails and covered him with kisses and whispered and prayed and told him stories, and by the end she had bathed him with her tears. Yet Drogo did not feel, or speak, or rise. And when the bleak dawn broke over an empty horizon, Dany knew that he was truly lost to her. â€Å"When the sun rises in the west and sets in the east,† she said sadly. â€Å"When the seas go dry and mountains blow in the wind like leaves. When my womb quickens again, and I bear a living child. Then you will return, my sun-and-stars, and not before.† Never, the darkness cried, never never never. Inside the tent Dany found a cushion, soft silk stuffed with feathers. She clutched it to her breasts as she walked back out to Drogo, to her sun-and-stars. If I look back I am lost. It hurt even to walk, and she wanted to sleep, to sleep and not to dream. She knelt, kissed Drogo on the lips, and pressed the cushion down across his face.

Memory of my childhood

I wanted that journey to go on forever. Well, at the beginning anyway. We had left Belgium in the morning, all of us reluctant to arrive at our ‘final destination', but the day progressed. The atmosphere in the car became tense, and the distance on the map didn't seem to change with the passing hours. The inhabitants of the car are completely oblivious to the outside world. My parents were thinking only of their petty arguments and minor discomforts. The landscape changed with the mood, as they began to descend into the routine that they would have taken up every hour or so from now on. The tar on the road sizzled; fantasies distort vision and reflect light into a glazed eye. They only thought of themselves. My little sister, Emma, said â€Å"It's my turn on the Game Boy.† â€Å"No, it's mine.† I said. â€Å"Just give it to Emma. She's youngest.† Mother said. â€Å"Where are we on the map now?† â€Å"I WANT IT NOW!† Emma said. â€Å"I don't know; look for yourself, Mother said, â€Å"Now give Emma the game boy Naz.† â€Å"Can't you all just be quiet? I'm trying to read.† I shouted angrily. â€Å"Don't you speak to me like that young lady† That was the reaction I got from both of my parents as I asked them to keep the noise down. We hadn't moved from this spot for 2 hours. And it was Emma's turn on the Game Boy. And I only wanted to play it to get on Emma's nerves. I could have told them that, but I would have just gotten the same unreasonable reaction, that because I was 10, I didn't have a clue about anything. The noise began to settle as we listened to our repetitive music and the toneless instructions of the navigator. Each of us was thinking about an incident vivid in our own mind, but forgotten by others. We only thought of our own importance, and the mark we left on others. We were self contained and self absorbed. We were heading for Cornwall. For all of us except my dad, it was for the first time in three years. It was understandable that they spent most of the long hours lecturing us on manners while we were caged in the car- we had to make a good impression. They were our family though. Should we really have to make an impression on them? Aren't they supposed to know us better than we even know ourselves? Sometimes things aren't what they are assumed to be though. They suspect the feeling of awkwardness that undercurrents their arrival. It will be smothered by joyfulness, present giving and drink. Concern for each other's appearance makes them interfering. Hills roll past, and the hateful sun is shining straight down onto the car holding them like packed vegetables. Slowly the car crawled down the stretch of motorway, which the sun was slowly melting. The car had been a shelter from the heat at the beginning of the journey, but then we could feel the effects of it. The angrier and more frustrated we got the warmer the car grew. As the batteries ran out, everyone's books were finished, and we still didn't look like we had moved all that much further we ignored each other and concentrated on ourselves. I was thirsty, my arms were itchy with sweat, my legs were cramped, and I still didn't see why I was the one that always had to read Emma a story, ever since Emma was 5 years old. â€Å"Why can't she read it herself?† I said furiously. â€Å"Because, I asked you to do it† My mother answered me angrily. â€Å"Then ask her.† â€Å"She cannot read. And now just do it.† â€Å"Fine, Whatever† So I went on to read ‘We're going on a Bear Hunt' with as much feeling as I would read a recipe. Slowly as we got closer and closer to Cornwall we forgot every reason we had for not wanting to get there. A huge proper Sunday roast, which would no doubt be on the table when we arrived, sounded like heaven. It was our cousin Alan's birthday, and the cake would be huge and covered in chocolate. We had had experiences of birthday cakes before in Cornwall. They were always worth the journey. We had a CD on in the car. It was Robbie Williams. We always listened to Robbie Williams and Van Morrison on long car journeys. Everything seems to merge together after a while though, just drowning out the sound of the car and each other. We were separated and isolated from each other as though in separate cages. We expected no communication. We gave none. We could only think ahead. By the time that there was only about an hour to go of this pain staking driving us were all looking forward to Cornwall like it was the ‘Promised Land'. Every accident was forgotten. We only remembered the food and drink we would be given, the early Christmas and late birthday presents. We were just coming up the drive of the house when the door opened and every single relative I remember, some that I didn't remember, and some that I didn't even know came swarming down the drive. Within minutes we were all crowded round a huge dining table, ready to begin. The accidents were forgotten. They had successfully implanted themselves in this household. They would not let it out of their grasp until they left exhausted and overfed, to return to their ordinary routine of work. Believe that we had had a holiday.

Moby Dick essays

Moby Dick essays The novel Moby Dick is the story of how Ishmael the narrator came to set sail on a fateful whaling voyage. He travels to Nantucket, where he visits the docks to find a ship; he discovers the Pequod. As Ishmael and his friend Queequeg make their way to board the ship, they meet a haggard looking, wild-eyed man who calls himself Elijah. He warns them against sailing with the Pequod, and hints that there might be something to fear about their mysterious captain, Ahab. Although Ishmael has not yet met Ahab, he dismisses the Elijahs warning, and the two set sail with the Pequod on Christmas Day. Ishmael is introduced to the rest of the ships crew: the first mate, Starbuck, the second mate, Stubb, and the third mate, Flask. Finally, after several days at sea, the men meet their captain, Ahab: a fierce looking Nantucketer with a white streak in his hair leading to a scar down the side of his face, and with one false leg made of ivory. Ahab paces the deck, and does not talk to the men nearly at all ... until one day he nails a piece of Spanish gold to the main mast of the ship, announcing that whoever first spies a white whale will receive it as a reward. This white whale, called Moby Dick by Ahab, seems to cause him considerable anxiety; he reveals that it was Moby Dick who bit off his leg. The sailors seem excited at their potential reward, and vow to hunt Moby Dick to the death. Ahab, meanwhile, speaks to himself in terms that suggest his maniacal obsession with the Whale. As the Pequod continues on her course, Ahab grows more and more obsessed with finding and killing Moby Dick even holding a kind of black mass in which he uses the blood of his harpooneers to cool the blade of a new, deadly harpoon. In the closing chapters of the novel, Ahab heads the ship into a dangerous storm, allows most of her instruments to break down, and ultimately abandons any p ...

Make Paper Chromatography With Leaves

Make Paper Chromatography With Leaves You can use paper chromatography to see the different pigments that produce the colors in leaves.  Most plants contain several pigment molecules, so experiment with many species of leaves to see the wide range of colors. This is a simple science project that takes about 2 hours. Key Takeaway: Leaf Paper Chromatography Chromatography is a chemical purification method that separates colored substances. In paper chromatography, pigments may be separated based on the different size of the molecules.Everyone knows leaves contain chlorophyll, which is green, but plants actually contain a wide range of other pigment molecules.For paper chromatography, plant cells are broken open to release their pigment molecules. A solution of plant matter and alcohol is placed at the bottom of a piece of paper. Alcohol moves up the paper, taking pigment molecules with it. Its easier for smaller molecules to move through the fibers in paper, so they travel fastest and move the furthest up the paper. Larger molecules are slower and dont travel as far up the paper. What You Need You only need a few simple materials for this project. While you can perform it using only one type of leaf (e.g., chopped spinach), you can experience the greatest range of pigment colors by collecting several types of leaves. LeavesSmall  Jars with LidsRubbing AlcoholCoffee FiltersHot WaterShallow PanKitchen Utensils Instructions Take 2-3 large leaves (or the equivalent with smaller leaves), tear them into tiny pieces, and place them into small jars with lids.Add enough alcohol to just cover the leaves.Loosely cover the jars and set them into a shallow pan containing an inch or so of hot tap water.Let the jars sit in the hot water for at least a half hour. Replace the hot water as it cools and swirl the jars from time to time.The jars are done when the alcohol has picked up color from the leaves. The darker the color, the brighter the chromatogram will be.Cut or tear a long strip of coffee filter paper for each jar.Place one strip of paper into each jar, with one end in the alcohol and the other outside of the jar.As the alcohol evaporates, it will pull the pigment up the paper, separating pigments according to size (largest will move the shortest distance).After 30-90 minutes (or until the desired separation is obtained), remove the strips of paper and allow them to dry.Can you identify which pigments are pr esent? Does the season in which the leaves are picked affect their colors? Tips for Success Try using frozen chopped spinach leaves.Experiment with other types of paper.You can substitute other alcohols for the rubbing alcohol, such as ethyl alcohol or methyl alcohol.If your chromatogram is pale, next time use more leaves and/or smaller pieces to yield more pigment. If you have a blender available, you can use it to finely chop the leaves. How Leaf Paper Chromatography Works Pigment molecules, such as chlorophyll and anthocyanins, are contained within plant leaves. Chlorophyll is found in organelles called chloroplasts. The plant cells need to be torn open to expose their pigment molecules. The macerated leaves are placed in a small amount of alcohol, which acts as a solvent. Hot water helps soften the plant matter, making it easier to extract the pigments into the alcohol. The end of a piece of paper is placed in the solution of alcohol, water, and pigment. The other end stands straight up. Gravity pulls on the molecules, while alcohol travels up the paper via capillary action, pulling pigment molecules upward with it. The choice of paper is important because if the fiber mesh is too dense (like printer paper), few of the pigment molecules will be small enough to navigate the maze of cellulose fibers to travel upward. If the mesh is too open (like a paper towel), then all of the pigment molecules easily travel up the paper and its difficult to separate them. Also, some pigment might be more soluble in water than in alcohol. If a molecule is highly soluble in alcohol, it travels through the paper (the mobile phase). An insoluble molecule might remain in the liquid. The technique is used to test purity of samples, where a pure solution should only produce a single band. It is also used to purify and isolate fractions. After the chromatogram has developed, the different bands may be cut apart and the pigments recovered. Sources Block, Richard J.; Durrum, Emmett L.; Zweig, Gunter (1955). A Manual of Paper Chromatography and Paper Electrophoresis. Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4832-7680-9.Haslam, Edwin (2007). Vegetable tannins – Lessons of a phytochemical lifetime. Phytochemistry. 68 (22–24): 2713–21. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.009

'Aspects of contact and negligence for business'-subject Assignment

'Aspects of contact and negligence for business'-subject - Assignment Example If any of these elements is missing, the agreement cannot be treated as a valid contract. The first element of a valid contract is an offer, which is an expression of the willingness of a party to enter into a contract and intends to be bound if the offer is accepted. The offer should include terms, which are certain and be communicated to the offeree (Bayern, n.d.). An offer should be distinguished from an invitation to treat. An invitation to treat is a declaration to enter into negotiations and cannot be accepted in the formation of a contract. They form part of preliminary negotiations and cannot be deemed an offer. The court in Harvey v Facey (1839) held that an invitation to treat is an indication by the owner that they are interested in selling an item. An offer remains open until the specified time expires or is accepted. Where there is no time limit, it is deemed to have expired after a reasonable time as passed. Death or insanity of either party terminates an offer. It can also cease to exist if it is expressly or by conduct demonstrate d that it no longer exis ts. If an offer is made to the general public, it can only be terminated by communicating through the same channel the offer was made. An offer can be rejected by the offeror or with a counter offer (Bix, 2012). In Hyde v Wrench (1840), the court held that a counter offer kills the original offer and the initial offer cannot be accepted at a future time. In Smith v Hughes (1871), the court pointed out that in determining whether there is a valid offer, the parties’ intentions are not important but rather how a reasonable person would consider the situation. The second element of a valid contract is acceptance, which is an expression of agreeing to the terms of the offer. An acceptance can only be valid if the party agreeing to it is aware of the existence of an offer. It must also be unconditional, clear and mirror the terms of the offer. Acceptance becomes

Discuss the problem of compounding Type I error and explain how the Essay

Discuss the problem of compounding Type I error and explain how the ANOVA addresses this problem - Essay Example In most cases, the effects of multiple tests are ignored and their interaction in the two-way ANOVA. According to Huck (2014), chapter eleven, some of the recommended solutions to compounding the Type 1 error is through ignoring them or by the use of ANOVA. The ANOVA works by comparing the variance within each sample population and the variance between different samples. The variance between and within the samples are computed by getting the sum of the squares then using different formulas to obtain the final result. First, compute the variance between the samples then compute the variance within the samples. Next, computation of the ratio that exists between the variance obtained from between and within to obtain the F ratio. If the null hypothesis is true it implies that the variance between the samples should be equal to zero. Is the converse is the case, the F ratio is larger and the bigger the value gets, the more the chances of rejecting the null hypothesis. Another solution is through the Bonferroni adjustment in which case the alpha is divided by the number of tests. This helps in minimizing on the effects of factorial issue on the final result (Ware & Brewer,

Marketing project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing project - Coursework Example Lipton tea was founded by the late 19th century. The founder of Lipton tea was Sir Thomas Lipton. He resided in Glasgow, Scotland. His organization made its mark gradually across Britain and then throughout the world. Lipton Tea came under the acquisition of the Unilever organization after a lot of transactions in the year 1972. Unilever is the main source that brought the Lipton business at a global level (Lipton | Unilever Global, 2010). There was a strong forecast in the year 2005 that the tea industry will be growing at a rapid rate in the coming years and analysis shows that the tea industry has been growing at a fast rate with still opportunities available for further growth with innovations and changing market trends occurring. Lipton Ice Tea has to be rejuvenated in the markets of United Kingdom with a new look and ad so that it can attract a lot of customers. There is a high market of tea lovers in the United Kingdom and it is because of two major factors. The first one is the need for consumers and secondly the health benefits provided by tea. The main competitor present for Lipton Ice Tea is the Nestle Refreshment Company. They have their product line of Nestle Ice tea in different flavors and it is a tough competitor for Lipton Ice Tea. The Nestle Refreshment Company also has agreements with Soda Company like Lipton- Unilever. The budgeting is allocated according to the promotional tools being used in the advertising plan of Lipton Ice Tea. The most successful and trustworthy methods of advertising are TV Ads, print ads, billboards, flyers and others. The advertising methods used have to be applied at the required level and therefore the advertising distribution would be as follows. While evaluating the advertising budget allocation for Lipton Tea, the projections of the organization should be carefully reviewed. The profiles of the target market should be reviewed and then the budget should be set

Employee Turnover Causes and Effects

Employee Turnover Causes and Effects In todays highly dynamic commercial work, it is becoming a challenge for jobseekers to find jobs that best fit their personality, and for employers to hire the right people who can do the job and also integrate well into the company culture. Failure to overcome this issue can be resulted in high turnover of employees. Employee turnover is a part of normal business activity; whereby employees come and go as their life situations change. Most employers realize this and, indeed, large firms typically have entire departments devoted to the management of human resources in order to make the transition as easy as possible for both management and employee and to minimize the associated hiring and training costs. Employee turnover is a ratio comparison of the number of employees a company must replace in a given time period to the average number of total employees. A huge concern to most companies, employee turnover is a costly expense especially in lower paying job roles, for which the employee turnover rate is higher. Many factors play a role in the employee turnover rate of any company, and these can shoot from both the employer and the employees. Determining what constitutes high turnover is a complex issue, because there is no simple linear relationship between turnover rates and the social and/or economic performance of companies and sites. Too little turnover can be as big a problem as too much. If organizations do not have a reasonable flow through of new personnel, they risk ossification. Also, some turnover is socially desirable because it gives people an opportunity to obtain entry into the labor market and to move to different and better. In todays dynamic world and increased job insecurity, the job for life is no longer existent. People constantly fear their jobs and loss their motivation and commitment to work. Some reviews and example were being done on manufacturing or dairy business company, basically on First Dairy Farm (M) Sdn. Bhd on high turnover of the employees. 2.0 CAUSES OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVER 2.1 Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction is described as the positive attitude and emotion towards ones job and work environment. It reveals their value judgment about their expectations and perceptions of the effort they put in and the outcomes that they receive. One of the reason that caused a highly employee turnover is because of the low job satisfaction offered by an organization. Job satisfaction includes the payroll and financial rewards, work environment, co-workers, supervision, scope of work, amount of work, career future, company identity, and physical working condition. To ensure an employees satisfaction, an organization need to reward fairly for the work they have done by making sure rewards were for genuine contribution to the organization and consistent with reward policies. The reward also includes a variety of benefits other than monetary gains. However, many companies failed to do so. Unsatisfactory performance appraisal is one of the reasons for employees leaving a company. A lack of appreciation, a lack of teamwork and the perception that business owners dont care about their employees are consistently the highest-rated reasons for low job satisfaction. Many employees choose to leave because they believe their work has been unappreciated by the organization. When employees are committed to their organizations, they accept the corporate goals and values, and will put in extra effort to achieve organizational effectiveness. Nonetheless, many also leave their jobs because they dont believe their companies value their contribution. Most environmental contributors to turnover can be directly traced to management practices. Turnover tends to be higher in environments where employees feel they are taken advantage of, where they feel undervalued or ignored, and where they feel helpless or unimportant. Clearly, if managers are impersonal, arbitrary, and demanding, there is greater risk of alienation and turnover. Management policies can also affect the environment in basic ways such as whether employee benefits and incentives appear generous or stingy, or whether the company is responsive to employees needs and wants. Managements handling of major corporate events such as mergers or layoffs is also an important influence on the work environment afterwards. Salary Scale is also known for the most common cause of the employee turnover rate being so high. Employees are in search of jobs, which pay well. If the company, which they are working in, does not offer good and reasonable salary, they tend to hunt for jobs that pay them considerably well. The prospect of getting higher pay elsewhere is one of the most obvious contributors to turnover. This practice can be regularly observed at all levels of the economic ladder, from executives and generously paid professionals in high-stress positions to entry-level workers in relatively undemanding jobs. Employees always flock to companies who offer more benefits. There are many employees who are not aware of the benefits that are provided to them in their compensation package. The employers need to reduce their bureaucratic procedures in order for the employees to receive the best available benefits without any difficulty. They should make a note of what all benefits other organizations are providing, which may attract their current employees. Employees that contain negative relationship with its supervisor are likely to have lower job satisfaction, which could also lead to employee turnover. According to experts, while most managers believe employees leave due to money issues, in actuality it is an employees relationship with their supervisor that has the greatest impact on whether they stay or go, because a supervisor has control over the compensation, opportunity, recognition, and environment that create job satisfaction. And that is why it is important to hold supervisors accountable for retaining a thriving workforce. Advancement and promotion policies are the prime reason why many mid-level executives leave the company. Due to no potential opportunity for advancements or promotions, they prefer other companies, which may provide them with higher posts and increased compensation packages. The companies need to evaluate and modify their promotion policies in a fair way, which would enable promotions for candidates. The condition of the organization could also be a factor. If it is unstable, the employees will surely look for a more stable organization. They would not want to stay long in an organization that could close any time. Employees will not exert as much effort in achieving organizational objectives if there are not reassured that their jobs are secure. 2.2 Organizational Commitment Organizational commitment is the relative strength of an employees attachment or involvement with the organization where he or she is employed, in this case the dairy business. Organizational commitment is important because committed employees are less likely to leave for another job and are more likely to perform at higher levels. An organization would have a higher productivity by creating a higher job satisfaction for the employees. By this, they would believe that the organization would be a career path and a tremendous future in the long run, which would make them concern about the quality of their work. Hence, they would be more committed to the organization, and the organization would have higher retention rates and lower employee turnover. With this, organization commitment also includes as a cause of employee turnover. Organizational commitment is when individuals who were highly committed to their organization would be less likely to think about leaving the organization. Wh en an employees need and desires has been satisfied and their skill has been utilized, an organizational commitment of an employee has been developed. It has become a very strong negative effect on turnover, which means, the lower the organizational commitment, the higher the tendency for an employee to leave. Throughout the workplace employees must be given numerous opportunities to feel committed to the organization. Overall management culture and style driven by the top management actions are strongly related to the degree of employee commitment. These correlations bring to light the importance of having strong managers and their roles in the overall organization. If employees are directly committed to their group, their commitment to the overall organization will be higher. Organizational Commitment is highly valuable. Studies have highlighted that commitment has a great impact on the successful performance of an organization. This is because a highly committed employee will identify with the goals and values of the organization, has a stronger desire to belong to the organization and is willing to display greater organizational citizenship behavior i.e., a willingness to go over and beyond their required job duties. And if human resources are said to be an organizations greatest assets, then committed human resources should be regarded as an organizations competitive advantage. Committed employees are more likely to perform beyond the call of duty to meet customers needs and organizations goal. They are highly motivated to work to the best of their ability. These traits are essential for continued customer commitment and ongoing revenue and growth for an organization. Committed employees remained in the employment of the company longer, resisted competitive job offers, did not actively look for other employment and recommend the company to others as a good place to work. The longer the companies kept their employees, there would be no need for additional expenditure to train new employees. 2.3 Job Hopping An individual with strong desire to try different jobs for fun or and readily changed their jobs for as little as one Malaysian Ringgit is a sign of job hopping behavior. This type of individual also leads to employee turnover. Some with highly educated individuals are more keen to job hop due to the availability of vast options in the job market. Younger generations are thought to be job-hopping to be materialistic, and as a result they tend to hop from one job to another for a better salary and benefit. A huge concern to most companies, employee turnover is a costly expense especially in lower paying job roles, for which the employee turnover rate is highest. Weak company identity tends to face higher employee turnover as the employee worry about their career future. 3.0 IMPACT AND EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVERS There are many negative impacts to an organization due to employee turnovers compared to positive impacts. However, despite substantial evidence regarding turnovers negative consequences for firms, several studies including many of those above are noted offsetting positive effects. For example, the economic perspective on turnover suggests that turnover reflects the beneficial aspects of worker mobility, such as the improvement of matches between employees and firms over time. Companies should take a deep interest in their employee turnover rate because it is costly part of doing business. When a company must replace a worker, the company incurs direct and indirect expenses. These expenses include the cost of advertising, headhunting fees, human resources cost, loss of productivity, new hire training, and customer retention. On the contrary, turnover can adversely affects operational efficiency, especially for complex processes that require close teamwork and high amounts of assumed knowledge. Where there is continuing instability in the workforce, consequences can include increased stress and tension amongst those remaining employees who have to fill the gaps left by departing employees, declining employee morale, and decreased productivity due to loss of work group synergy. High turnover rate can do a lot of damage to your organization than overworking your employees. One of which is the turnover cost. When you lose an employee, you need to look for someone new to fill the post. Although the person is qualified, you still need to train the person, consider a few errors during the operation, and go through the adjustment period. Apart from the cost you incurred, it will also give you a bad image in the public. They will speculate about the reasons why your employees do not last long in the organization. They will question the management skill of the leaders of the organizations. Consequently, this will also affect the judgment of your potential investors. Minimizing employee turnover rate is one of the most important tasks of managers. This is because a high turnover rate among others implies that the organizations concerned are probably incurring high costs of operations. The costs of employee turnover are due to the costs of retaining workers, the costs of training and development loss of business, loss of productivity, and also increased in business risks. Therefore, companies that are not able to reduce their employee turnover figure will likely lose their competitiveness in the long run. High turnover can be a serious obstacle to productivity, quality, and profitability at firms of all sizes. For the smallest of companies, a high turnover rate can mean that simply having enough staff to fulfill daily functions is a challenge, even beyond the issue of how well the work is done when staff is available. Turnover is no less a problem for major companies, which often spend millions of dollars a year on turnover-related costs. When the employee leaves, productivity will usually take a downturn because other workers may have to add the former employees duties to their own workload, at least temporarily. For service-oriented professions, such as management consulting or account management, high employee turnover can also lead to customer dissatisfaction and turnover, as clients feel little attachment to a revolving contact. Customers are also likely to experience dips in the quality of service each time their representative changes. When long-time employees leave, they often take valuable institutional knowledge or intellectual assets with them. It would costs employers a lot of time and money to replace these assets. Many business owners are mistaken that the cost of replacing employees is merely the price of an advertisement and headhunter fees. However, both direct and indirect cost must be taken into consideration. When an employee gives notice (usually two to four weeks), he or she has already mentally checked out months prior to the announcement, costing the company significant dollars for a nonproductive employee. The current employees never want to see one of their colleagues leave. The atmosphere in the office takes on a different tone. Current employees question their own career decision. These scenarios slow down the organizations productivity. And they also cost money. The current employees gain increased workloads to offset the vacant position. This causes burnout, inefficiencies and unproductive wo rkers, which again can be costly. One must realize that it usually takes a new employee approximately six months to get up to speed. Those first six months are a costly investment for the employer without any true benefits for the newly hired talent and the company until six months or more into the future. Human resource development is less likely to be a priority for management. Companies will be disinclined to invest in training and career development for staff if they believe that they cannot hold staff. In addition, where there is high employee turnover human resource personnel are likely to be pre-occupied with the base level tasks of recruiting and training new staff. This, in turn, means that there will be fewer opportunities to implement staff development initiatives and other strategies that could enhance the skills and productivity of existing employees. Organizational psychologists have also claimed that workers efforts may be highest when they first join an organization and may decrease over time. These conflicting views concerning the effects of turnover suggest that one must not view turnover as a monolithic concept, but rather as a contingent phenomenon. The relevant question thus becomes not whether turnover has positive or negative effects on performance, but rather under what conditions it is more harmful or beneficial to the firm. 4.0 IMPROVING THE MANAGEMENT OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVER Today, most of the companies believed that in order to achieve and sustained effectively, human resource management (HRM) needs to be efficient. Effective HRM can be main factor for the success of an organization. In the new economy, it has become a trend of employees staying on for a short duration in any one organization, which results to many problems. Failure in managing human capital will create fatal problems to the company, especially in country like Malaysia, which is a multiracial country. Therefore, most of the organizations, both domestic companies and multinational cooperation (MNCs) tend to focus more on HRM as a key of success. 4.1 Hiring the right people Hiring the right people from the start would also reduce turnover. Managers should have a clear idea of the types of people they want to hire for each position, write detailed job descriptions and commit to hiring the best candidates rather than the first candidates who meet minimum requirements. An organization is encouraged to use personality traits and leadership style theories to determine the personality type and leadership style posses by job applicants and future candidates before actually employing them. A computer-based application that integrates personality traits and leadership styles will be valuable to any organization seeking the right people with the right personality and the right competencies. With this, there are more chances for an employee to be satisfied with the job given, and reduce employee turnover. 4.2 Employee Retention Most companies try to reduce costs by eliminating search, advertising and referral fees. They spend countless hours calculating cost per hire. With the current competitive marketplace, companies often utilize every source available to locate and hire top personnel. Companies should concentrate on retaining key employees, because real costs begin to add up when employees leave. Retaining your most seasoned and talented employees helps ensure your organizations strength. Its more important than ever to put strategies in place to avoid the overarching costs of employee turnover causes, and keep skilled, high-level producers motivated and invested. Employees in an organization have always been key asset, as their departures could have a significant effect on the implementation of the organizations business plans and may eventually cause a parallel decline in productivity. As such, employee retention was important to the long-term growth and success of the company. Retaining the best employees would ensure customer satisfaction and effective succession planning. It would also increase investors confidence, as they are concern with the organizations capacity to perform in such ways that would positively influence the value of their investment in the company. Hence, it is undeniable that uncontrolled employee turnover could damaged the stability of the company and consequently the national economy. Too often employee retention is viewed as a process or function of the human resources department. Somehow there is an expectation that the recruiting staff should not only identify and hire employees, but that they should also ensure their retention through some sort of strategy or program. The reality is that employee retention is everyones responsibility. Managers are able to reduce unwarranted employee turnover because the most important factors driving employee satisfaction and commitment are largely within the direct view and control of the manager. These included providing recognition, regular feedback and ensuring fair reward accordingly to an employees contributions and value to the organization. 4.3 Creating a Positive Relationship between Employer and Employee Good communication and feedback between management and employees is a means to reduce these problems. A positive relationship between communication and commitment was detected highlighting the importance for management to ensure that communication channels remain open to allow for better transmission of information. Employees may also have a desire to pursue with a higher education or to improve their performance, so that they can accomplish more tasks within the same period of time. By increasing their inputs, employees may get higher outputs such as better pay and benefits. By doing so, it may lead to a higher level of satisfaction. However, factors like the lack of financial resources may prevent the employee from the opportunity of taking additional courses to upgrade themselves. In addition, other factors like problems from outside of work may affect an employees job satisfaction. Therefore, employees may wish to discuss and express their concerns with their immediate superiors. Bringing the problems that employees have to the managers attention will indeed be benefiting for the employee as they can work together to make any special arrangements in mutual agreement. When employees interact with their superiors, the manager will be able to determine the employees level of job satisfaction and in turn determine the employees level of commitment. To maximize human resource and lower employee turnover, companies could focus on building relationship and support, as well as develop programs to handle stress management, decrease work dissatisfaction and enhance loyalty to the organization. It is proactive to deal with turnover at the thinking stage by enhancing commitment that has to do with building relationship and increasing participation as well as contribution to organizational goals. It is also vital to involve staff in the organizational process that not only empowers them but also increases their loyalty to and identification with the company. There are also cases when the employees leave because of their fellow employees or his superiors. Clashes of personalities are common in the workplace. When an employee can no longer stand the tension in the workplace, he may opt to leave the organization. It does not matter if he finally got his dream job or receiving a generous paycheck. If he no longer has peace of mind, he will look for another job. The relationship between employee and employer or their direct supervisor is also crucial. Not only do organizations need a performance management system that recognizes and rewards supervisors for meeting objectives that reduce employee turnover, supervisors need to understand what steps they can take to meet their responsibility in employee retention and job satisfaction. The only way to truly understand employees is to ask them what they want and to find out what can be done to help them reach their goals. By asking, becoming involved, and being accountable, supervisors can go a lo ng way in improving employee job satisfaction as well as retention. 4.4 Increasing Job Satisfaction Those employees who feel that they are cared for by their organization and managers also have not only higher levels of commitment, but that they are more conscious about their responsibilities, have greater involvement in the organization, and are more innovative. Managers and organizations must reward and support their employees for the work that they do because this perceived support allows for more trust in the organization. All people have a desire to be needed and to feel valuable, including at their place of business. Consistent praise from a manager boosts an employees confidence and makes him happy about his place inside the organization. People perform at a much higher level when they feel happy and confident. When they dont feel important, people become withdrawn and complacent and start looking for other places to work. Being an employer is somewhat like being a parent figure. One must continuously provide security and make your employees feel wanted and needed. In terms of assessment and promotion, the fairness in the decision making process is crucial for commitment. The organization should communicate clearly how decisions are made and why some people and not others did get promotions. Satisfied employees tend to be more loyal to their organization. Generally, when people are satisfied with their jobs, they will have a positive attitude feeling about their jobs. In their minds, other jobs would not be better than the current one. Therefore, it is unlikely that they will change their jobs. Employees prefer to stay in their company and work hard for a return. If employees feel that the company treats them fairly or well, the workers will feel that they are responsible to keep working hard for their companies. Also, in order to maintain their current satisfied jobs, employees will perform well and work effectively, which is beneficial for the company. Therefore, in order to increase the employees level of commitment, the manager can try to increase their employees level of job satisfaction. For an organization to be successful, its managers must ensure that their employees have a high level of job satisfaction in order to mutually have a high level of organizational c ommitment. Managers may also apply job rotation so each employee will have an opportunity to perform different tasks using various skills and talents. By using this method, it may be able to further increase the interests the employees would have in their job. Moreover, managers should motivate employees to be more helpful, considerate, friendly and good-natured to their co-workers and supervisors, because this would increase the employees job satisfaction and may motivate the urge to help out other co-workers. Indeed, providing sufficient opportunity for promotion to employees would significantly increase job satisfaction because promotions reflect valued signals about a persons self- worth. 4.5 Increasing Organizational Commitment Organizations can increase employee commitment by providing them with fair and reasonable working practices in a rather cost-effective way. Research has found that the more committed the employee is to the organization, the greater the effort exerted by the employee in performing tasks. Highly committed employees wish to remain associated with the organization and advance organizational goals, and are therefore less likely to leave. Job performance has been reported to be higher for employees with strong affective commitment. The underlying assumption is that they will work harder at their jobs and perform them better than those with weaker commitment. On the personal level, there are benefits for strong affective commitment; for example, working in an environment in which one is positive about has implications for reduced stress levels. Alternatively, affective commitment could lead to negative consequences for life beyond the organization. By obtaining affective commitment from employees may have positive effects for the organization, even though some of the magnitudes of the findings are not very high. To stay committed, employees should feel valued and recognized by management. Motivation constitutes a central element when going through the process of human learning. If the organization does not possess the ability to motivate its employees, the knowledge within the organization is not practically used to a maximum. Therefore, it becomes the aim of every learning organization to find the factors that enable it to motivate its employees to continuous learning and to take advantage of this knowledge to ensure its living. It is unlikely that employees will be committed if they are not sufficiently motivated. Another key to employee satisfaction is implementing formal training programs that provide employees with clear paths for advancement. Employees are more likely to remain loyal to businesses committed to staff development and promoting from within. Induction training and socialization are carried out, which are vital in gaining employee commitment. It is essential to reinforce a sense of self-worth within newcomers, which can be achieved through a supporti ve environment. In addition, employees may try to increase their intrinsic motivation, which is self- applied. If employees set goals for themselves, and these are achieved, the employees will be able to feel a sense of accomplishment. This may in turn lead to an increase in the level of satisfaction at their job and thus affect their level of organizational commitment. 5.0 CONCLUSION In todays highly competitive labor market, there is extensive evidence that organizations regardless of size, technological advances, market focus, are facing human resource challenge. Employee turnovers are results of employees dissatisfaction of one or more factors. Measures can be taken to prevent turnover and to improve other operating results as well. There need to be greater appreciation of the costs and consequences of high employee turnover, and a willingness to change established personnel management practices. Employees are one of the most important determinants and leading factors that determine the success of an organization in a competitive environment. Therefore the way people are managed has a major impact on their commitment and on organizational performance. Advantages of gaining employee commitment have been perceived to be lower labor turnover, extra role behavior, and better product quality and employee flexibility leading to the firms competitive advantage. Thus, given the contribution that a highly productive trained employee can make to organizational productivity, keeping such an employee should be a high priority to the organization. Organizations can secure this commitment by engaging in fair HR practices such as procedural justice, good communication, increased participation, more supportive management and reasonable rewards. Finally, it is important to note that simply implementing HRM practices such as benefits, job descriptions, or standard of procedure is not enough to earn employees commitment. In order to enjoy the benefits of a fully-committed employees, therefore a stable and high-performing workforce, dairy producers must offer a workplace with effective performance feedback and opportunities for participation.